Seasons & Episodes
Two Prototype Theories of Everything
Embark with Dr. Lincoln on a search for a theory of everything - a simple and comprehensive explanation for all physical
The Union of Electricity and Magnetism
Learn how two seemingly separate phenomena, electricity and magnetism, were shown by James Clerk Maxwell in the 1860s to
Particles and Waves: The Quantum World
Follow one of the strangest turns in modern science: the discovery of the paradoxical world of light, which spawned the
Einstein Unifies Space, Time, and Light
Trace the reasoning that led Einstein to his special theory of relativity, proposed in 1905. Address common misconceptio
Relativistic Quantum Fields and Feynman
Take a deeper step into the quantum world, observing how the theory of quantum electrodynamics, or QED, unites quantum m
Neutrinos Violating Parity and the Weak Force
Study the weak nuclear force, which is responsible for beta decay: the emission of an electron from a nucleus during rad
Flavor Changes via the Weak Force
Analyze more idiosyncrasies of the weak force, focusing on the three massive particles that mediate its interactions. Di
Electroweak Unification via the Higgs Field
A key step in the quest for a theory of everything has been the realization that the electromagnetic and weak forces are
Quarks, Color, and the Strong Force
Explore the force that helps hold the atomic nucleus together, called the strong force. Chart the discovery of this myst
Standard Model Triumphs and Challenges
Bring together all the concepts studied so far to gauge how close physicists are to a theory of everything. Focus on the
How Neutrino Identity Oscillates
Transition to a new perspective as Professor Lincoln spotlights speculative ideas that may contribute to a theory of eve
Conservation Laws and Symmetry: Emmy Noether
Consider why mathematics is such an effective tool for describing nature. Then focus on mathematician Emmy Noether's rem
Theoretical Symmetries and Mathematics
The first inklings of a successful theory of everything will probably arise from symmetries and group theory. Prepare fo
Balancing Force and Matter: Supersymmetry
One of the most attractive ideas for physicists searching for a theory of everything is supersymmetry, which treats forc
Why Quarks and Leptons?
The fundamental building blocks of matter are thought to be quarks (which interact by the strong force) and leptons (whi
Newton's Gravity Unifies Earth and Sky
Gravity is by far the weakest of the fundamental forces. Learn how Newton achieved the first major unification in physic
Einstein's Gravity Bends Space-Time
Built on the equivalence of inertial and gravitational mass, Einstein's general theory of relativity explains gravity in
What Holds Each Galaxy Together: Dark Matter
Trace the discovery of missing mass surrounding most galaxies, which leads scientists to infer that 85% of all matter is
What Pushes the Universe Apart: Dark Energy
Turn to dark energy, the ghostly energy field that appears to be pushing the universe apart at an ever-greater rate. Lea
Quantum Gravity: Einstein, Strings, and Loops
A theory of everything must fit gravity into the quantum realm, reconciling the general theory of relativity with the st
From Weak Gravity to Extra Dimensions
Venture into extra dimensions to investigate gravity's extraordinary weakness compared to the other fundamental forces.
Big Bang and Inflation Explain Our Universe
Starting with the big bang, plot the history of our universe, focusing on events in the tiniest fraction of the first se
Free Parameters and Other Universes
Now step into the realm of other universes. Do they exist? If so, how could we possibly know? Start by examining the fre
Toward a Final Theory of Everything
Finish the course by reviewing unified theories since Newton, analyzing a remarkable equation that brings major insights